Valorization of local waste by obtaining activated carbon for water treatment

The project proposes the production of an eco-friendly activated carbon from local waste, such as plum pits/walnut shells, using a chemical activation method with citric acid. Choosing this biocompatible acid instead of more aggressive conventional chemical agents ensures a sustainable and environmentally friendly process. Citric acid acts as a dehydrating agent and a precursor for porosity, facilitating the development of a high specific surface area and a pore structure suitable for pollutant adsorption. The activation process involves impregnating the precursor material with a citric acid solution, followed by controlled thermal treatment to induce carbonization and develop the porous structure. In this study, the obtained activated carbon will be characterized through physicochemical analyses, such as specific surface area determination (BET), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to evaluate its structure and adsorptive properties. The resulting material will be tested for the removal of an inorganic pollutant from water, such as lead (Pb²⁺) or cadmium (Cd²⁺) ions, which are heavy metals with a significant impact on human health and ecosystems. This study will assess adsorption efficiency and establish optimal conditions for the use of activated carbon in water treatment applications. To tailor the project to the specific context of the Republic of Moldova, it is recommended to focus on pollutants found in local waters. According to available data, groundwater and surface water in Moldova often contain high concentrations of fluoride, boron, nitrites, nitrates, and heavy metals, exceeding the permissible limits for drinking water. Additionally, pollution levels in the Nistru and Prut rivers have increased, affecting the quality of the country’s water resources. By utilizing local waste and an eco-friendly activating agent, the project contributes to the development of a sustainable water remediation solution, while also reducing the environmental impact of organic waste. The results may provide a viable alternative to conventional materials used in purification processes, promoting circular economy principles and environmental protection.